{"id":8240,"date":"2026-08-12T11:27:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/?p=8240"},"modified":"2026-08-12T11:27:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:27:15","slug":"%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/ar\/famous-glass-artists\/","title":{"rendered":"12 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c 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\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 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\u064a\u0646\u0641\u062e \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/allaboutglass.cmog.org\/definition\/studio-glass-movement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u062c 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 1933<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1846 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1904<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1860 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1945<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1822 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1939<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1922 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2013<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1910 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1987<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627<\/td>\n<td>1921 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2002\u061b 1924 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2020<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"art-nouveau-and-early-modern-glass\">\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1-louis-comfort-tiffany-designing-with-transmitted-light\">\u0661. \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/louis-comfort-tiffany-1848-1933\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u201c\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-emile-galle-building-pictures-inside-layered-glass\">\u0662. \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/483825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631<\/a> \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642: \u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-rene-lalique-making-mold-and-surface-part-of-the-design\">\u0663. \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643: \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/487788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0661\u0669 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"4-leopold-and-rudolf-blaschka-observation-translated-through-lampworking\">\u0664. \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hmnh.harvard.edu\/makers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/a> \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u062e\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643. \u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/famous-glass-artists-early-modern-techniques.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"the-studio-glass-shift\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"5-harvey-littleton-putting-hot-glass-in-the-artist-s-studio\">5. \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"6-dominick-labino-treating-glass-chemistry-as-a-creative-tool\">6. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645. JX\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/how-to-choose-the-right-glass-material-for-lamp-shades-tempered-vs-borosilicate-vs-soda-lime\/\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"7-dale-chihuly-using-teams-repetition-and-installation-scale\">7. \u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"8-lino-tagliapietra-joining-venetian-discipline-with-international-teaching\">8. \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627: \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627. <a href=\"https:\/\/people.cmog.org\/bio\/lino-tagliapietra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a<\/a> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/mouth-blown-glass-lamp-shade\/\">\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/famous-glass-artists-studio-glass.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"casting-threads-and-narrative-glass\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"9-stanislav-libensky-and-jaroslava-brychtova-color-held-in-solid-space\">9. \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0638\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"10-toots-zynsky-drawing-with-thousands-of-glass-threads\">10. \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/people.cmog.org\/bio\/toots-zynsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a<\/a> \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u061f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"11-ginny-ruffner-lampworking-as-drawing-and-storytelling\">\u0661\u0661. \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/lampwork-borosilicate-glass-lamp-shade\/\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0638\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"12-mary-shaffer-letting-gravity-complete-the-form\">\u0661\u0662. \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0631: \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u062e\u0641\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. <a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/handmade-glass-lamp-shade\/\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/famous-glass-artists-casting-threads-slumping.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"turn-an-artist-reference-into-an-original-glass-shade-brief\">\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0638\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645. \u201c\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u201d \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u201c\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0636\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"jx-scroll-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u0646\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/glass-light-diffusion-explained-clear-vs-frosted-vs-opal-glass-for-lighting\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/a> \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"who-is-the-most-famous-glass-artist\">\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-the-difference-between-a-glass-artist-and-a-glassblower\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"who-started-the-studio-glass-movement\">\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"which-artists-are-useful-references-for-glass-lamp-design\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"were-famous-glass-artists-working-alone\">\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"can-a-manufacturer-copy-a-famous-artist-s-glass-design\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"which-glass-technique-is-best-for-a-custom-lamp-shade\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"how-should-i-send-an-artist-reference-to-a-glass-manufacturer\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"choose-the-technique-before-drawing-the-final-profile\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644. \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 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\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/how-to-choose-the-right-glass-material-for-lamp-shades-tempered-vs-borosilicate-vs-soda-lime\/\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/lampshade-shapes\/\">\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d: 12 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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