{"id":7243,"date":"2026-06-08T00:57:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T00:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/?p=7243"},"modified":"2026-06-08T00:57:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T00:57:39","slug":"cach-lam-sach-chao-den-bang-kinh-cat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jxlampshade.com\/vi\/how-to-clean-cut-glass-lamp-shades\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch chao \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c & b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ec1m, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH trung t\u00ednh tr\u00ean kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u, h\u00e3y th\u00e1o ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n, r\u1eeda tay nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean kh\u0103n. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho k\u00ednh c\u1eaft v\u00e0o m\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u2014 b\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 kh\u1eafp ph\u00f2ng \u2014 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1eaby b\u1ee5i. S\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft: b\u1ee5i, m\u1ee1 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi. Khi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng gi\u1ea3m 30\u201340% v\u00e0 v\u1ebb l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Tin vui l\u00e0: vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 k\u00ednh c\u1eaft m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0nh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00ednh c\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft s\u1ea1ch quang h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean k\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng k\u00ednh: \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o k\u00ednh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e0u quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 xung quanh. Khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee1, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u2014 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u1ea5m \u00e1p suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00f4ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Trong kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 sau hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n. Trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng \u0103n c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft. G\u1ea7n l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi, kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o k\u00ednh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong> Th\u1ee7y tinh pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u2014 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1,56\u20131,61, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (1,52). Nh\u01b0ng pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n: kho\u1ea3ng 5\u20135,5 tr\u00ean thang \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs<\/a> so v\u1edbi 5,5\u20136 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh soda-lime, theo B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Th\u1ee7y tinh Corning<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, kh\u0103n th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng<\/a> c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pha l\u00ea \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 sinh: N\u00ean d\u00f9ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh g\u00ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\nNh\u1eefng g\u00ec KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
B\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ec1m (r\u1ed9ng 1\u20132 inch)<\/td>\nPh\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u1ed1c<\/td>\nL\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng x\u01a1 \u00d7 3<\/td>\nR\u1eeda, tr\u00e1ng, lau kh\u00f4<\/td>\nKh\u0103n b\u00f4ng x\u00f9, kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n trung t\u00ednh pH (2\u20133 gi\u1ecdt)<\/td>\nT\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh<\/td>\nThu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda g\u1ed1c amoniac, gi\u1ea5m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc (tr\u00e1ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i)<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng<\/td>\nN\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u1ee9ng (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n tr\u1eafng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1ea3m cao su ho\u1eb7c kh\u0103n t\u1eafm g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n<\/td>\nM\u1eb7t b\u00e0n c\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u0103ng tay cotton tr\u1eafng (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/td>\nThao t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay<\/td>\nG\u0103ng tay c\u00f3 b\u1ed9t (l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Windex v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u1ecbt k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c amoniac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, gi\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f3 axit chanh tr\u00ean ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i, kem t\u1ea9y m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, baking soda, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda g\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y an to\u00e0n cho k\u00ednh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1eaft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian<\/th>\nKhi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\nN\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4<\/td>\n2\u20135 ph\u00fat<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i nh\u1eb9<\/td>\nB\u1ee5i r\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lau s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n \u1ea9m<\/td>\n5\u201310 ph\u00fat<\/td>\nD\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay, m\u1ee1 nh\u1eb9, b\u1ee5i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\nL\u1edbp m\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ebft \u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u1eeda tay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/td>\n20\u201330 ph\u00fat<\/td>\nV\u1ebft b\u1ea9n n\u1eb7ng, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, t\u1ed5ng v\u1ec7 sinh theo m\u00f9a<\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ebft b\u00e1m s\u00e2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/td>\nChuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ecfng manh<\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: Ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4 (H\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n)<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i \u2014 n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 \u0110\u1ec3 chao \u0111\u00e8n ngu\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/strong> T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15 ph\u00fat. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i khi chao \u0111\u00e8n \u0111ang \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng: s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee7y tinh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2014 Th\u00e1o ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu chao \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n khung \u0111\u00e8n, h\u00e3y th\u00e1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p g\u1ecdn tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m chao \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00ean tay s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 lau ch\u00f9i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t b\u1ee5i khi \u0111\u00e8n v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u1eafp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2014 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft.<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thao t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdc theo<\/em> h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a hoa v\u0103n c\u1eaft (d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o h\u00ecnh thoi, d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh kh\u00eda, d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1edd h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao) \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea3i c\u1eaft ngang qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n l\u1ecdt s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe h\u1ebbm thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u00fang bay ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2014 Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khe h\u1ebbm.<\/strong> C\u00e1c khe h\u1ebbm h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chao \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n c\u1eaft s\u00e2u, c\u00e1c khe n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i v\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5 \u2014 B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong.<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u1eb7t trong. Tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1eaft, m\u1eb7t trong l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n \u2014 d\u1ec5 lau b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n c\u1eaft s\u00e2u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1ebft c\u1eaft k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1eb7t trong c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 6 \u2014 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf (microfiber).<\/strong> D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m bong ra. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t \u2014 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n \u1ea9m (H\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng)<\/h2>\n

D\u00e0nh cho d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay, l\u1edbp d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3i kh\u00f4 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb dung d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> Pha t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u1eeba. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u1eeba \u2014 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng (g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh (gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1ee1). Khu\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng; n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> L\u00e0m \u1ea9m kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1eaft th\u1eadt r\u00e1o \u2014 kh\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbt. Lau t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hoa v\u0103n c\u1eaft. Lau l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch l\u1edbp x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, lau kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4 th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n:<\/strong> Lau v\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t centimet \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00ean trong mi\u1ec7ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n \u1ea9m. Lau kh\u00f4 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 \u2014 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa v\u00e0nh l\u1eafp v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 chao \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed trong 15\u201320 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3: R\u1eeda th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 (Theo m\u00f9a)<\/h2>\n

D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c chao \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 do n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1eb7n kh\u00f3i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u n\u0103m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong> L\u00f3t b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadu l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3m cao su ho\u1eb7c kh\u0103n g\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n trung t\u00ednh \u2014 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt nh\u1eb9 khi b\u1ea1n khua tay trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Thao t\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t:<\/strong> Nh\u00fang chao \u0111\u00e8n xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu chao \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00ednh m\u00e0u gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00ednh c\u1eaft li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m, thoa n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u1ed1c. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2014 thao t\u00e1c quanh chao \u0111\u00e8n theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n. D\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chao \u0111\u00e8n r\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n, ng\u00e2m 2\u20133 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

X\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> X\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, di chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t. X\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n kho\u00e1ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chao \u0111\u00e8n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4 \u2014 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i. V\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (1\u20132 gi\u1edd) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i. Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ui \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chao \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

Theo H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a The Spruce<\/a>, l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi r\u1eeda k\u00ednh c\u1eaft m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong vi\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u00ean trong. Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft k\u00ednh c\u1eaft kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft<\/th>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/th>\nK\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
H\u1ecda ti\u1ebft \u00f4 tr\u00e1m kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\nB\u1ee5i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau<\/td>\nD\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t ch\u00e9o theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u1ecda ti\u1ebft sao Hobstar<\/td>\nT\u00e2m h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao \u0111a di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n<\/td>\nD\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ng\u00f4i sao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00eda r\u00e3nh \/ d\u1ecdc<\/td>\nC\u00e1c r\u00e3nh d\u1ecdc t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u1ee5i<\/td>\nQu\u00e9t ch\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong t\u1eebng r\u00e3nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ki\u1ec3u c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t \/ v\u1ecf s\u00f2<\/td>\nC\u00e1c h\u1ed1c cong gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n<\/td>\nQu\u00e9t theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e9p (h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0)<\/td>\nC\u00e1c h\u1ed1c n\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n<\/td>\nK\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea3i \u00edt m\u1ea1nh tay h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec (b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hoa v\u0103n n\u00e0o)<\/td>\nD\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n<\/td>\nB\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u1ecb m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf b\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u2014 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb kho \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/p>\n

Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng (l\u1edbp m\u1edd tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m):<\/strong> Thoa dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5m tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ba ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u2014 d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm dung d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u1eeb 30\u201360 gi\u00e2y, sau \u0111\u00f3 lau s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh axit nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan c\u1eb7n canxi cacbonat. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p (m\u00e0ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u d\u00ednh):<\/strong> T\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong 3\u20135 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ecd r\u1eeda. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda g\u1ed1c tinh d\u1ea7u cam v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m d\u00e0y tr\u00ean k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 nicotine (c\u00f3 m\u00e0u ng\u1ea3 v\u00e0ng-n\u00e2u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3):<\/strong> C\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n r\u1eeda. L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p b\u00e1m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd bong ra theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc lau k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a amoniac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3 (l\u1edbp m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c m\u00e0u x\u00e1m-tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lau s\u1ea1ch):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00ednh \u2014 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft tinh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ebft m\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1eaft<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh m\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh c\u1eaft pha l\u00ea<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec, pha l\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c k\u00ednh m\u00e0i, h\u00e3y xem chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1eaft<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a This Old House<\/a>, l\u1edbp m\u1edd kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng axit nh\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i \u2014 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/a> khi ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Windex ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc lau k\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt cho chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Windex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc lau k\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt tr\u00ean chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a amoniac, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y tinh pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH trung t\u00ednh pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a amoniac v\u00e0 thoa l\u00ean kh\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ecbt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean chao \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o ch\u00fang ra?<\/h3>\n

T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i, thao t\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf \u1ea9m v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u2014 v\u1eaft th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 sao cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ecbt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00ean chao \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1eef cho khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ui \u0111\u00e8n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lau s\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng dai d\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean k\u00ednh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u1eb7n kho\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng (canxi cacbonat). Ch\u1ec9 thoa m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1eb9 g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea5m tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 y\u00ean trong 30 gi\u00e2y, lau nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y tr\u00ean chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng khi cho chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t?<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00f4ng. M\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng chao \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0i theo ba c\u00e1ch: c\u00e1c tia n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho k\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn; ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda m\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m cao l\u00e0m m\u00f2n c\u1ea3 k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 k\u00ednh pha l\u00ea theo th\u1eddi gian; v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t. R\u1eeda tay b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi r\u1eeda?<\/h3>\n

V\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n do c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean k\u00ednh khi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. H\u00e3y tr\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc \u2014 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, lau kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng x\u01a1 thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee3i bao l\u00e2u sau khi v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n?<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ee3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 ph\u00fat sau khi lau \u1ea9m, v\u00e0 1\u20132 gi\u1edd sau khi r\u1eeda tay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0m l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u2014 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. Khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n y t\u1ebf cho th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n Isopropyl (70\u201391%) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chao \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y tinh \u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00e0i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u2014 thoa l\u00ean kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng thoa tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean chao \u0111\u00e8n. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u1ed3n bay h\u01a1i nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n, gi\u00fap t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec7t m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh b\u00ean trong chao \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 h\u1eb9p?<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chao \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng nh\u1ecf, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1n d\u00e0i (b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh s\u1eefa tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh linh ho\u1ea1t). Thao t\u00e1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng ng\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chao \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n r\u01a1i ra ngo\u00e0i thay v\u00ec r\u01a1i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng tay to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u2014 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan trong chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y<\/p>\n